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Open channel flow measurement consists of determining the volume of water (or another liquid) flowing through a non-full conduit, a channel, a ditch, or a natural stream. Unlike closed pressurized pipes, the flow here occurs with a free surface, influenced by slope, geometry, and hydraulic conditions.
Open channel flow measurement
Open channel flow measurement consists of determining the volume of water (or another liquid) flowing through a non-full conduit, a channel, a ditch, or a natural stream. Unlike closed pressurized pipes, the flow here occurs with a free surface, influenced by slope, geometry, and hydraulic conditions.
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Main methods
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Weirs:
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Calibrated obstacles (rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, etc.) placed in the channel.
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Flow is calculated from the upstream water level.
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Venturi or Parshall flumes:
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Calibrated narrowings that accelerate the flow.
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Flow is determined based on the water level measured at one or several points in the structure.
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Velocity–area methods:
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Measurement of the average flow velocity (current meters, electromagnetic sensors, ultrasonic devices).
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Multiplying velocity by the wetted cross-sectional area of the channel.
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Advantages
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Suitable for rivers, irrigation canals, wastewater treatment plants, stormwater networks.
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No need for a closed pipe.
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Wide range of devices depending on the required accuracy.
Limitations
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Accuracy depends on geometry and hydraulic stability.
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Sensitive to deposits, debris, or water level variations.
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Often requires regular maintenance and calibration.
