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Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
Recirculated Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
1. General principle:
A closed-loop aquaculture system (RAS) operates by reusing water from the fish tanks after filtration and purification. This approach reduces water consumption, improves water quality control, and minimizes environmental impact.
2. Main components:
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Fish tanks: where aquatic animals are raised.
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Mechanical filtration: removes solid waste (feces, uneaten food).
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Biological filtration: uses nitrifying bacteria to convert ammonia into nitrates.
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Disinfection: UV or ozone treatment eliminates pathogens.
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Oxygen control: aerators or oxygen injectors maintain proper oxygen levels.
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Temperature and pH control: stabilizes the environment for the species.
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Settling tank or biofilter: stabilizes water before recirculation.
3. Advantages:
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Very low water consumption (up to 90–99% reuse).
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Improved sanitary and farming control.
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Usable in areas without direct water sources.
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Reduced pollutant discharge into the environment.
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High-density production in small spaces.
4. Disadvantages / Challenges:
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High initial setup costs.
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Significant energy requirements.
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Requires constant monitoring.
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Tight management of water parameters (toxins, oxygen, pH, etc.).
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